Microcystins -LA, -YR, and -LR action on neutrophil migration |
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Authors: | Paula Kujbida Marco Aurélio Ramirez Vinolo Danielle Maia de Holanda Cavalcanti Sandra Helena Poliselli Farsky Ernani Pinto |
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Institution: | a Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580 bloco 13 B, 05508-900 Butanta, São Paulo, SP, Brazil b Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Science, Biological Sciences and Health Center, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil c Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil |
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Abstract: | Microcystins (MCs) produced by some freshwater cyanobacterial species possess potent liver toxicity as evidenced by acute neutrophil infiltration. Here, we investigate the ability of three structurally distinct toxins (MC-LA, MC-LR, and MC-YR) to evoke neutrophil recruitment per se and their effects on migration pathways. Intravital microscopic studies showed that topical application of only MC-LR enhanced the numbers of rolling and adhered leukocytes in the endothelium of postcapillary mesenteric venules. The latter effects may be dependent upon induction of the synthesis and expression of l-selectin and β2-integrin in neutrophils, as assessed by flow cytometry and RT-PCR, respectively. Conversely, the three toxins promoted direct locomotion of neutrophils and enhanced their migration in response to fMLP, as measured by Boyden chamber assays, and increased intracellular calcium, a messenger in the chemotaxic process. In conclusion, our results show that MCs act on specific pathways of neutrophil recruitment, indicating their potential effect on neutrophils activation. |
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Keywords: | Microcystin Neutrophils Migration Rolling Adherence Adhesion molecules Calcium influx |
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