A comparison between Theobroma cacao L. zygotic embryogenesis and somatic embryogenesis from floral explants |
| |
Authors: | L Alemanno M Berthouly N Michaux-Ferriere |
| |
Institution: | (1) CIARD-CP, BP 5035, 34032 Montpellier Cedex 1, France;(2) CIRAD-GERDAT, BP 5035, 34032 Montpellier Cedex 1, France |
| |
Abstract: | Summary In order to improve the late phases of Theobroma cacao L. embryogenesis from tissues of maternal origin, zygotic embryogenesis and somatic embryogenesis were compared, with respect
to morphological, histological, and physiological parameters. Zygotic embryogenesis could be divided into three steps: (a)
embryogenesis sensu stricto, (b) a growth period in which cotyledonary embryos reached their final dimensions, and (c) a maturation period in which embryos
accumulated protein and starch reserves, dehydrated to a water content equal to 30%, and underwent a modification in soluble
sugar composition. Monosaccharides and sucrose contents decreased to the benefit of the oligosaccharides raffinose and stachyose.
The formation of somatic embryos by use of basic protocols was studied to define the limiting factors that could lie behind
their poor development. Morphological abnormalities of somatic embryos, which represented 80% of the total population, were
described. A histological study showed that somatic embryos lacked starch and protein reserves; moreover, their water content
was much higher than that of their zygotic counterparts. Introducing a growth period into the culture protocol made for better
embryo development. Adding sucrose and abscisic acid to the maturation medium was effective in increasing reserve synthesis
and resulted in higher germination, conversion, and acclimatization rates. |
| |
Keywords: | maturation reserve accumulation embryogenesis late phases ABA (abscisic acid) recalcitrant seeds |
本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |
|