Use of chemosensitization to overcome fludioxonil resistance in Penicillium expansum |
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Authors: | JH Kim BC Campbell N Mahoney KL Chan RJ Molyneux CL Xiao |
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Institution: | 1. Plant Mycotoxin Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, USDA‐ARS, Albany, CA, USA;2. Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA, USA |
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Abstract: | Aim: To overcome fludioxonil resistance of Penicillium expansum, a mycotoxigenic fungal pathogen causing postharvest decay in apple, by using natural phenolic chemosensitizing agents. Methods and Results: Fludioxonil‐resistant mutants of P. expansum were co‐treated with different oxidising and natural phenolic agents. Resistance was overcome by natural phenolic chemosensitizing agents targeting the oxidative stress–response pathway. These agents also augmented effectiveness of the fungicide, kresoxim‐methyl. Results indicated that alkyl gallates target mitochondrial respiration and/or its antioxidation system. Fungal mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Mn‐SOD) plays a protective role against alkyl gallates. Conclusions: Natural chemosensitizing agents targeting the oxidative stress–response system, such as Mn‐SOD, can synergize commercial fungicides. Significance and Impact of the Study: Redox‐active compounds can serve as potent chemosensitizing agents to overcome resistance and lower effective dosages of fungicides. This can reduce costs with coincidental lowering of environmental and health risks. |
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Keywords: | filamentous fungi MAPK signalling natural products oxidative stress patulin |
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