A novel herbal product based on Piper betle and Sphaeranthus indicus essential oils: Toxicity,repellent activity and impact on detoxifying enzymes GST and CYP450 of Aedes aegypti Liston (Diptera: Culicidae) |
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Authors: | Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan Muthiah Chellappandian Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan Athirstam Ponsankar Annamalai Thanigaivel Sengodan Karthi Edward-Sam Edwin Selvaraj Selin-Rani Kandaswamy Kalaivani Filippo Maggi Giovanni Benelli |
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Affiliation: | 1. Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu 627 412, India;2. Department of Biotechnology, St. Peter''s Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 054, India;3. Post Graduate and Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Sri Parasakthi College for Women, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu 627 802, India.;4. School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy;5. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy |
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Abstract: | Fresh leaves of Piper betle Linn. (Piperales: Piperaceae) and Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. (Asterales: Asteraceae), commonly known as betel leaves and East Indian globe thistle, respectively, were harvested and steam distilled for the extraction of P. betle and S. indicus crude volatile oils (Pb-CVO and Si-CVO, respectively). LC50 calculated on 3rd instar larvae of dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti Linn. (Diptera: Culicidae) was 42.17?ppm for PbSi-CVO (i.e., herbal formulation based on the EOs of P. betle and S. indicus). The larval and pupal duration were significantly longer post-treatment with 100?ppm of PbSi-CVO, if compared to control. We observed that PbSi-CVO significantly altered the detoxifying enzymes GST and CYP450 compared to the expression of control. Sub-lethal concentrations of PbSi-CVO showed strong repellent properties against dengue mosquitoes, without adverse reactions on the volunteers experiencing the repellent assays. Lastly, the adulticidal activity of PbSi-CVO was studied. Overall, our study outlined that this herbal product represents a promising candidate for the development of botanical based adulticidal agents. |
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Keywords: | Essential oil Eco-friendly Formulation Dengue Herbal repellent Adulticides |
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