Effects of concrete properties and nutrients on fungal colonization and fouling |
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| Authors: | David J. Giannantonio Jonah C. Kurth Kimberly E. Kurtis Patricia A. Sobecky |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230, USA;2. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230, USA;1. Mines Douai, LGCgE-GCE, 941 rue Charles Bourseul, 59508 Douai, France;2. Université de Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59650 Villeneuve-d''Ascq, France;1. Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint Etienne, SPIN-EMSE, CNRS:UMR5307, LGF, 158 cours Fauriel, F-42023 St-Etienne, France;2. Université Lille Nord de France, 1 bis Georges Lefèvre, F-59044 Lille, France;3. Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Douai, LGCgE-GCE, 941 Rue Charles Bourseul, F-59508 Douai, France;4. Université Paris Est, Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment, Département Enveloppe et Revêtements, 84 avenue Jean Jaurès, Champs-sur-Marne, F-77447 Marne-la-Vallée, France;1. Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSA, LMDC (Laboratoire Matériaux et Durabilité des Constructions), 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31 077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France;2. LRVision SARL, Zi de Vic, 13 rue du Développement, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France;1. Cement Research Center, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 1684613114, Iran;2. Biotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 1684613114, Iran;1. Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, Dept. de Engenharia Civil, Av. Prof. Almeida Prado, trav. 2, n.83, Edif. de Eng. Civil, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil;2. Magnel Laboratory for Concrete Research, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 904, B-9052, Gent, Belgium;3. University of Oklahoma, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, 770 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA |
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| Abstract: | This study describes the fouling of concrete surfaces by diverse fungal genera under controlled laboratory conditions. A circulating flow-through chamber was designed for testing the effects of different concrete compositions and exogenously added nutrients on fungal colonization and fouling. Fungal strains belonging to the genera Alternaria, Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis, and Trichoderma were cultured directly from visibly fouled concrete structures and used individually and in a mix to inoculate mortar tiles varying in cement composition, supplementary cementitious material additions, water-to-cement ratio, and surface roughness. A strong positive relationship was observed between tile water-to-cement ratio and the amount of biofouling. In addition, cement containing photocatalytic titanium dioxide and exposed to artificial sunlight strongly inhibited fungal colonization and fouling. Mortar tiles coated with form-release oil and incubated with sterile rainwater were also capable of supporting fungal colonization. Our results indicate that the fouling of concrete surfaces by fungi can be influenced by variations in concrete composition variations and available nutrients. |
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