Differential regulation of transferrin 1 and 2 in Aedes aegypti |
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| Authors: | Guoli Zhou Lissette S Velasquez Dawn L Geiser Jonathan J Mayo Joy J Winzerling |
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| Institution: | 1. Biologie I, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany;2. Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Josef-Engert-Str. 9, D-93051 Regensburg, Germany;3. From the Departments of Chemistry , Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-81070;4. Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-81070;5. the Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom;6. the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;1. Department of Biology, Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück 49069, Germany;2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, 141 Chalmers Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;1. Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;2. Graduate Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;3. Honors Undergraduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;4. The Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;1. Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;2. Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan;3. Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;4. National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan;5. National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Available evidence has shown that transferrins are involved in iron metabolism, immunity and development in eukaryotic organisms including insects. Here we characterize the gene and message expression profile of Aedes aegypti transferrin 2 (AaTf2) in response to iron, bacterial challenge and life stage. We show that AaTf2 shares a low similarity with A. aegypti transferrin 1 (AaTf1), but higher similarity with mammalian transferrins and avian ovotransferrin. Iron-binding pocket analysis indicates that AaTf2 has residue substitutions of Y188F, T120S, and R124S in the N lobe, and Y517N, H585N, T452S, and R456T in the C lobe, which could alter or reduce iron-binding activity. In vivo studies of message expression reveal that AaTf2 message is expressed at higher levels in larva and pupa, as well as adult female ovaries 72 h post blood meal (PBM) and support that AaTf2 could play a role in larval and pupal development and in late physiological events of the gonotrophic cycle. Bacterial challenge significantly increases AaTf1 expression in ovaries at 0 and 24 h PBM, but decreases AaTf2 expression in ovaries at 72 h PBM, suggesting that AaTf1 and AaTf2 play different roles in immunity of female adults during a gonotrophic cycle. |
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