Degradation of unpretreated and thermally pretreated polypropylene by soil consortia |
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| Authors: | Ambika Arkatkar J. Arutchelvi Sumit Bhaduri Parasu Veera Uppara Mukesh Doble |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India;2. Polymer Research and Technology center, Reliance Industries Limited, V.N. PuravMarg, Mumbai-600071, India;1. Laboratory of Enzymology, Cellular Biology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, 70910-900, DF, Brazil;2. Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, 70770-917, DF, Brazil;1. Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India;2. Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India;1. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Avenue 163, 210023 Nanjing, China;2. School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, Muttenz CH-4132, Switzerland;3. J. F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Berliner Str. 28, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;1. Centre National d''Evaluation de Photoprotection (CNEP), Université Blaise Pascal, 63 174 Aubière cedex, France;2. Clermont Université, UBP, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;3. CNRS, UMR 6504, F-63177 Aubière, France;5. Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy, Zone industrielle C, B-7181 Feluy, Belgium;4. Basell Poliolefine Italia, 44100 Ferrara, Italy;6. Association NEOSAC, F-43600 Ste Sigolène, France;7. Groupe Extrusion Soufflage de Ste Sigolène (E3S) F-43600 Ste Sigolène, France;8. Clermont Université, ENSCCF, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France |
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| Abstract: | Unpretreated (PP-UT) and thermally pretreated (at 80 °C for 10 days) polypropylene (PP-TT) films of 0.05 mm thickness were subjected to in vitro biodegradation in minimal medium with mixed soil culture for 12 months. In this period 10.7 and 0.4% weight loss was observed with PP-TT and PP-UT, respectively. The tensile strength decreased by 51.8 and 28.3%, the crystallinity increased by 28 and 33% and isotacticity increased by 3 and 9%, respectively, over the same time period. The ester carbonyl index in PP-TT increased up to 9 months and later decreased indicating abiotic followed by biotic process. No such changes were observed with PP-UT. Methyl group index decreased in both the cases indicating oxidation at the primary carbon. Increase in surface energy indicated that the polymer became hydrophilic. Surface changes were observed by SEM and AFM. A single culture was isolated at the end of 12 months and it was identified as Bacillus flexus. The morphology of the organism was rods in a chain and it was present in the form of an endospore. |
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