Montan wax improves performance of boron-based wood preservatives |
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| Authors: | Bo?tjan Lesar Polona Kralj Miha Humar |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Wood Science and Technology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;2. University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia;1. Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7014, Uppsala 75007 (Sweden);2. Department Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, Florence 50144 (Italy);1. Indo-French Cell for Water Science (IFCWS), Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India;2. Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences (UMR 242 iEES Paris), Institute of Research for Development, Bondy, France;3. Soils and Fertilizers Research Institute (SFRI), Dong Ngac, Tu Liem, Ha Noi, Viet Nam;4. Center of Ecological Sciences, Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India;1. Department of Forest Products Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland;2. Institute for Building Materials (IfB), Wood Materials Science, ETH Zürich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland;3. Applied Wood Materials Laboratory, Empa ? Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing and Research, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland;1. Dept. of Wood & Furniture Design and Technology, Research Lab WST, TEI of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece;2. Dept. of Forest Biology & Wood Protection Technology, Forestry Faculty, Istanbul Univ., 34473 Istanbul, Turkey;3. Dept. of Forestry & Natural Environment, Lab of Wood & Wood Products, TEI of Drama, Drama 66100, Greece;1. Renewable Materials Program, Department of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1132, USA;2. Department of Wood Science and Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA |
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| Abstract: | Importance of boron compounds in wood preservation is increasing due to their low environmental impact, high efficacy and the fact that many other active ingredients have been removed from the market after the introduction of the Biocidal Products Directive. The most important drawback of boron is prominent leaching in wet environment. In order to improve their fixation, and performance against wood decay fungi, boric acid was combined with montan wax emulsion. Possible synergistic effects of boric acid and montan wax were determined according to modified EN 113 procedure. Norway spruce and beech wood specimens were exposed to three white rot (Trametes versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus and Hypoxylon fragiforme) and brown rot wood decay fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum, Antrodia vaillantii and Serpula lacrymans) for 12 weeks. Boron leaching from vacuum/pressure treated Norway spruce wood was determined according to the continuous (EN 84 and ENV 1250-2) and non-continuous (OECD and prCEN/TS 15119-1) procedures. Boron was determined with ICP mass spectrometry in collected leachates. The results of the fungicidal tests clearly showed that montan wax emulsion and boric acid act synergistically against tested wood decay fungi. Approximately 50% lower boric acid retentions are required in combination with montan wax emulsions to achieve sufficient protection against wood rotting fungi. However, it is even more important that all leaching tests performed proved that the addition of montan wax decreased boron leaching from impregnated specimens for 20% up to 50%. |
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