Electronic Beam Switching of Circularly Polarized Plasma Magneto-Electric Dipole Array with Multiple Beams

In this paper, different array arrangements based on magneto-electric (ME) dipole antenna with wideband circular polarization (CP) characteristics are designed and investigated. Planar, triangular prism, square prism, and hexagonal prism array arrangements are considered. Each prism face has a sub-array comprises 2?×?2 ME-dipole elements. Each sub-array has wide impedance matching of 73.7%, a maximum gain of 16.6 dBi, and CP bandwidth of 78.2%. It employs the plasma frequency of the ME-dipole antenna to control its radiation characteristics. Frequency-independent lumped element equivalent circuit is constructed for a single antenna element. It is used to represent the antenna input impedance at different plasma electron densities with fixed physical structure. The proposed equivalent circuit comprises a single series section used for matching enhancement with feeder circuit, and three parallel tuned circuits corresponding to the three resonance frequencies in the input impedance. The best values of the equivalent circuit elements are computed using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. Different array arrangements, planar, triangular, square, and hexagonal prism are designed to create single or multiple beams in different directions. An electronic beam switching is achieved by tuning in the plasma inside the ME-dipole in the desired direction. The radiation characteristics are analyzed and investigated using the finite integration technique (FIT).