Comparative toxicity of chlorine and peracetic acid in the biofouling control of Mytilopsis leucophaeata and Dreissena polymorpha embryos (Mollusca,Bivalvia) |
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| Authors: | A. Verween M. Vincx S. Degraer |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Gulf Fisheries Centre, Science Branch, 343 Université Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 9B6, Canada;2. Prince Edward Island Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Aquaculture Division, 548 Main Street, Montague, Prince Edward Island C0A 1R0, Canada;3. Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada;1. Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada;2. Lake Champlain Research Institute, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY, 12901, USA;3. Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada;4. Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada;5. Graham Environmental Sustainability Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA;6. Redpath Museum and McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C4, Canada;1. Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax St East, Nelson 7010, New Zealand;2. Shellfish Production and Technology New Zealand Ltd, P.O. Box 10022, The Wood, Nelson 7047, New Zealand |
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| Abstract: | Chlorination is the most common antifouling procedure, but the search for alternatives is ongoing. Although concentrations that kill adults will also be effective against larvae, it is advisable to evaluate the toxicity of any candidate toxicant against the combatable life stage. For mussels, the earliest life stages are the most vulnerable ones and thus may require the lowest doses biocides. Since the period of larval presence is restricted to a couple of months, a pointed dosage of biocides during this period will be as effective as a continuous dosage throughout the year. This study reports on the lethal acute toxicity of sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid to 4 h old embryos of Mytilopsis leucophaeata and Dreissena polymorpha. Chlorination was found effective against M. leucophaeata from a concentration of 0.6 mg/l onwards, even at short exposure times. Commercial peracetic acid showed to be a very good alternative in both species although the most appropriate level still has to be determined. |
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