Himalayan <Emphasis Type="Italic">Semnopithecus entellus</Emphasis> at Langtang National Park,Nepal: Diet,Activity Patterns,and Resources |
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Authors: | Ken Sayers Marilyn A Norconk |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Anthropology and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA |
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Abstract: | Though researchers have studied lowland gray langurs extensively, there is little information about the Himalayan populations.
We provide foraging data from a field study of Himalayan langurs in Langtang National Park, Nepal at 3000–4000 m elevation.
Phenological records show marked seasonality in resource abundance, with extremely low availability in winter, increasing
abundance in spring and monsoon, and a reduction in fall. Activity budgets indicated greater time devoted to feeding as total
vegetation abundance decreased. Diet included leaf buds, ripe fruit, and evergreen mature leaves in winter; deciduous young
leaves in spring; and deciduous mature leaves in the monsoon and fall. Supplemental resources, such as underground storage
organs, bark, and herbaceous vegetation, were also seasonally important. Among plant part classes included in the phenological
sample, abundance and consumption correlate positively for all primary food resources except evergreen mature leaves and unripe
fruit. Daily path lengths varied by season and, when controlled for overall vegetation abundance, positively relate to the
consumption of soft underground storage organs, fruits, and deciduous mature leaves. The results contradict the common generalization
of leaves as ubiquitous or nonpatchy resources. |
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Keywords: | colobines diet ranging seasonality Semnopithecus entellus socioecology |
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