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Risk Factors for Contamination of Hotel Water Distribution Systems by Legionella Species
Authors:Varvara Mouchtouri  Emmanuel Velonakis  Andreas Tsakalof  Christina Kapoula  Georgia Goutziana  Alkiviadis Vatopoulos  Jenny Kremastinou  and Christos Hadjichristodoulou
Abstract:The Legionella colonization frequency at 385 Greek hotel hot and cold water distribution systems was 20.8%. Legionella contamination was associated with the presence of an oil heater (odds ratio OR] = 2.04, 95% confidence interval CI] = 1.12 to 3.70), with the sample temperature (OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.1 to 0.5), with seasonal operation (OR = 3.23, 95% CI = 1.52 to 6.87), and with the presence of an independent disinfection system (OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.15 to 0.62). The same water temperatures, free-chlorine levels, and pHs differently affect the survival of various Legionella spp.
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