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Rivers shape population genetic structure in Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae)
Authors:Nilo L Sander  Francisco Pérez‐Zavala  Carolina J Da Silva  Joari C Arruda  Maria T Pulido  Marco A A Barelli  Ana B Rossi  Alexandre P Viana  Marcela S B Boechat  Christine D Bacon  Angélica Cibrián‐Jaramillo
Institution:1. Laboratório de Ecologia da Paisagem e Etnobiologia, Centro de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Biodiversidade e Etnobiologia do Pantanal, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cáceres, Mato Grosso, Brazil;2. Programa de Pós‐Gradua??o em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amaz?nia legal, Rede Bionorte, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil;3. Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (Langebio), Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico;4. Laboratorio de Etnobiología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo, México;5. Laboratório de Melhoramento Vegetal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;6. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, G?teborg, Sweden;7. Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Center, G?teborg, Sweden
Abstract:The Mauritia flexuosa L.f. palm is known as the “tree of life” given its importance as fundamental food and construction resources for humans. The species is broadly distributed in wet habitats of Amazonia and dry habitats of the Amazon and Orinoco river basins and in the Cerrado savanna. We collected 179 individuals from eight different localities throughout these habitats and used microsatellites to characterize their population structure and patterns of gene flow. Overall, we found high genetic variation, except in one savanna locality. Gene flow between populations is largely congruent with river basins and the direction of water flow within and among them, suggesting their importance for seed dispersal. Further, rivers have had a higher frequency of human settlements than forested sites, contributing to population diversity and structure through increased human use and consumption of M. flexuosa along rivers. Gene flow patterns revealed that migrants are sourced primarily from within the same river basin, such as those from Madeira and Tapajós basins. Our work suggests that rivers and their inhabitants are a critical element of the landscape in Amazonia and have impacted the dispersal and subsequent distribution of tropical palm species, as shown by the patterns of genetic variation in M. flexuosa.
Keywords:Amazonia  anthropogenic effect  Arecaceae  gene flow  palm  rivers
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