生态足迹模型在区域旅游可持续发展评价中的改进

改进了基于生态足迹的区域旅游可持续发展评价模型,提出了可转移生态足迹、不可转移生态足迹和根生态赤字/盈余的概念。改进模型减小了由于贸易因素而导致区域旅游可持续发展评价结果的偏差。不可转移生态足迹反映了旅游区域承受人类活动产生的环境影响压力的真实情况,而可转移生态足迹对本地旅游可持续发展影响不大。旅游目的地不可转移生态足迹由居民不可转移生态足迹与旅游者不可转移生态足迹组成。通过研究根生态赤字/盈余来判断旅游发展的规模是否处于合理状态。以张家界市为实证研究对象,研究结果表明：张家界市2006年居民不可转移生态足迹为190.05万hm^2,旅游者不可转移生态足迹为22.10万hm^2,生态赤字为94.45万hm^2,根生态盈余为7.62万hm^2,反映出2006年张家界旅游发展规模合理。

An improvement of ecological footprint model for the assessment of sustainable development of regional tourism

In the paper, we improve the assessment model for the sustainable development of regional tourism, which is based on the ecological footprint model. Four new components are proposed in the model, namely transferable ecological footprint, nontransferable ecological footprint, net ecological deficit and net ecological remainder. These improvements minish the assessment error of the sustainable development of the regional tourism, which is due to the trade factors. The nontransferable ecological footprint reflects the pressure of the environment influence in the tourism area, whereas the transferable ecological footprint has little effect on the sustainable development of the regional tourism. The nontransferable ecological footprint of tour destination consists of the resident nontransferable ecological footprint and the tourist nontransferable ecological footprint. In order to identify whether it is in a reasonable status, the scale of tourism development is diagnosed by checking the net ecological deficit and the net ecological remainder. ZhangJiaJie city is taken as the test case. The results show that in 2006 the nontransferable footprint of resident and that of tourist are respectively 1900500 hm2 and 221000 hm2, the ecological deficit and the net ecological remainder are respectively 944500 hm2 and 76200 hm2. These collectively suggest that the tourism development in ZhangJiaJie city is in a reasonable scale.