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Phase-dependent modulation of corticospinal excitability during the observation of the initial phase of gait
Authors:Makoto Takahashi  Natsuko Uchida  Mami Yoshida  Nan Liang  Kimitaka Nakazawa  Kiyokazu Sekikawa
Affiliation:1. Graduate School of Biomedical &2. Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan;3. Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan;4. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of TokyoTokyoJapan
Abstract:This study was undertaken to identify the temporal characteristics of corticospinal excitability of tibialis anterior muscle during the observation of the initial phase of gait. For this purpose, using transcranial magnetic stimulation, we recorded motor evoked potentials (MEPs) during the observation of the second step of an actor’s first three steps of gait initiation with (complex gait) or without (normal gait) an obstacle and unstable surface. The results demonstrate that (1) MEPs during the observation of the initial phase of normal gait were significantly increased only at early swing phase, but not other phases (mid-swing, heel contact, mid-stance, and heel off) and (2) MEPs during the observation of the initial phase of complex gait were significantly increased at early swing and also at mid-swing and heel contact phases. These findings provide the first evidence that corticospinal excitability during the observation of gait, especially the initial phase, is modulated in phase- and motor-demanded-dependent manners.
Keywords:Action observation  initial phase of gait  transcranial magnetic stimulation
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