联合固氮的研究进展

1975年,Dbereiner实验发现与禾本科植物联合共生的固氮菌并提出根际联合固氮的概念。近年来,随着一些新的研究手段包括化学分析、遗传工程、分子生物学、免疫学等方法的运用,推进了联合固氮领域的研究深度。综述了近年来发现的联合固氮菌的种类;联合固氮体系的形成过程（趋化、结合和侵入）;影响联合固氮的主要因素：自然条件、土著微生物的竞争、植物基因型差异和环境条件的变化、结合态氮（氨、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐等）和氧。并从固氮联合作用测定方法、联合固氮菌的资源筛选、联合固氮工程菌的研究、联合固氮分子生态学研究方法4个方面,论述了联合固氮的研究现状。

Recent Advances in Research of Application of Associated nitrogen-fixation

In 1975 D(O)bereiner experimentally found the associative symbiotic nitrogen-fixation (NF) bacteria associated with graminaceous plant and put forward the concept of rhizosphere associated NF (ANF). Recently, with the application of chemical analysis, hereditary engineer, molecular biology and immunology and other research means had pushed the depth of in the field of ANF studies. The category of ANF, the formation process of ANF (chemotaxis, integration, and invasion); main effect factors of ANF: natural conditions, competition among indigenous microbes, differences of plant genotypes in associative relationship and variance of environmental conditions, combined forms of nitrogen (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate etc.) and oxygen discovered recently were reviewed in this paper. Recent research situation of the application of ANF were also discussed in four aspects of research methods, detection methods of the ANF, screening of the ANF-bacterial resources, and the ANF engineering strains as well as molecular ecology.