宏基因组测序在中枢神经系统感染性疾病诊断中的应用及研究进展

中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)感染是指由病毒、细菌或真菌等侵染中枢神经系统引起的急性或慢性炎症性(或非炎症性)疾病，致死率高，易引发严重后遗症。由于检测通量及灵敏度的限制，一半以上的中枢神经系统感染患者无法通过常规检测方法确定病原体。宏基因组测序是一种新兴的病原检测技术，能够极大地提升病原检出率。当前部分临床医生及相关从业人员对宏基因组测序的认识存在不足，限制了其在临床诊疗中的快速推广和应用。本文系统介绍了宏基因组测序整体流程，综述了该技术在中枢神经系统感染性疾病诊疗中的发展历程和最新研究进展，希望为中枢神经系统感染性疾病的诊断和治疗提供参考。

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing in diagnosis of infectious diseases of central nervous system

Infections of central nervous system (CNS) are acute or chronic inflammatory (or non-inflammatory) diseases caused by the invasion of viruses,bacteria,or fungi in CNS.Infectious diseases of CNS have high mortality rate with serious sequelae.Due to the limitation of detection strategies and low sensitivity,the pathogens of more than half of patients with infectious diseases of CNS cannot be identified by traditional methods.Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is a new technology and can significantly improve the detection rate of pathogens.However,mNGS is still not well understood by a few clinicians and other related people,which limits its rapid promotion and application in clinical diagnosis and treatment.This review systematically introduced the whole process of mNGS,and summarized the development history and the latest research progress of mNGS in the diagnosis of infectious diseases of CNS,thereby providing references for the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases of CNS.