生物多样性综合评价方法研究

2002年召开的《生物多样性公约》第六次缔约方大会确定了“到2010年在全球范围内大幅度降低生物多样性丧失的速度”的目标, 并要求各国制定生物多样性评价指标, 开展生物多样性评估。本文作者根据科学性、代表性和实用性的原则, 提出了生物多样性综合评价的5个指标, 即物种丰富度、生态系统类型多样性、植被垂直层谱的完整性、物种特有性、外来物种入侵度, 确立了生物多样性综合评价方法; 并以全国31省(市、区)为单元, 开展了全国生物多样性综合评价, 将各省(市、区)生物多样性分为四个等级。云南、四川、广西的生物多样性属“优”, 贵州、湖北、广东、湖南、重庆、福建、西藏、江西、浙江、海南、甘肃、新疆、陕西的生物多样性属“良”, 河南、安徽、山东、山西、河北、北京的生物多样性属“一般”, 吉林、内蒙古、上海、辽宁、宁夏、青海、江苏、黑龙江、天津的生物多样性为“较差”。

Methodology of comprehensive biodiversity assessment

The six meetings of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity held in 2002 adopted the goal of "significantly reducing the rate of biodiversity loss worldwide by 2010",and re-quested Parties to develop biodiversity assessment indicators and to conduct biodiversity assessment.This paper puts forward five indicators for comprehensive biodiversity assessment,i.e.species richness,diversity of ecosystem types,completeness of vertical stratification of vegetation,endemism,and extent of biological invasions,based on the principles of scientific approach,representativeness,and practicality.Methods for comprehensive biodiversity assessment were established,and a national biodiversity assessment was con-ducted by taking 31 provinces(including municipalities and autonomous regions)as the basic assessment units.Biodiversity of provinces was classified into four grades.Yunnan,Sichuan and Guangxi boast highly rich biodiversity.Guizhou,Hubei,Guangdong,Hunan,Chongqing,Fujian,Tibet,Jiangxi,Zhejiang,Hainan,Gansu,Xinjiang,and Shaanxi boast quite high biodiversity.Henan,Anhui,Shandong,Shanxi,Hebei,and Beijing have moderate biodiversity.Jilin,Inner Mongolia,Shanghai,Liaoning,Ningxia,Qinghai,Jiangsu,Heilongjiang,and Tianjin have poor biodiversity.