Two viable Toxoplasma gondii isolates from red-necked wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus) and red kangaroo (M. rufus) |
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| Institution: | 1. Veterinary Pathology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, PR China;2. Zhengzhou Zoo, Zhengzhou, PR China;3. Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA;1. Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan;2. Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan;3. Beehive Japan Co., Ltd., Tokyo 152-0003, Japan;1. Meguro Parasitological Museum, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-0064, Japan;2. Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;1. Department of Clinical Pathology, Marília Medical School, Marília, SP 17519-030, Brazil;2. Department of Parasitology, Marília Medical School, Marília, SP 17519-030, Brazil;3. Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation and Interdisciplinary Center on Diabetes (CENID), University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília, SP 17525-902, Brazil;4. University of Marília, SP 17525-902, Brazil;5. Laboratório Diagnósticos do Brasil (DB), Curitiba, Paraná 80050-350, Brazil;6. Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil;1. Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, United States of America;2. Department of Comparative Medicine, Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, United States of America;3. Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0845, United States of America;4. Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America;5. California Animal Health and Food Safety, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino, CA 92408, United States of America;1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;2. National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan;3. Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea;4. Animal Health Center of Zoo Land, Daejeon O-World Theme Park, Daejeon 35073, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | Wallabies and kangaroos are susceptible to Toxoplasma gondii. However, little information concerning T. gondii infection in captive macropods is available. Three dead macropods collected from a zoo exhibited no clinical symptoms associated with toxoplasmosis. Heart fluids were tested for T. gondii antibodies using a modified agglutination test. T. gondii DNA samples derived from macropod tissues were tested by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Viable T. gondii were isolated from myocardium of macropods via mouse bioassay. Tissues (brain, lungs, or mesenteric lymph nodes) from T. gondii-positive mice were seeded into Vero cell culture flasks. The virulence of the isolated T. gondii strains was evaluated in Swiss mice. The DNA from T. gondii tachyzoites obtained from cell cultures was characterized by 10 PCR-RFLP markers and the virulence genes, ROP18 and ROP5. T. gondii antibodies were identified in two of the three macropods (Macropod#5 and #7). T. gondii DNA was obtained from the heart and lungs of Macropod#7. Two viable T. gondii strains were isolated from the myocardium of Macropus rufogriseus (Macropod#5) and M. rufus (Macropod#7) via mouse bioassay and designated as TgRooCHn2 and TgRooCHn3, respectively. TgRooCHn2 was ToxoDB genotype#3, and TgRooCHn3 was ToxoDB genotyp#2. Both 104 TgRooCHn2 and TgRooCHn3 tachyzoites had intermediate virulence in mice. M. rufogriseus (Macropod#5) and M. rufus (Macropod#7) may have been in the initial stages of toxoplasmosis, due to a recent T. gondii infection with oocysts. This study is the first to document the T. gondii ToxoDB#3 isolate in macropods. T. gondii infection in captive macropods indicates the urgent need to control the transmission of this parasite in the environment, food and water of zoo animals. |
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