Comparative analysis of development and survival of two Natal fruit fly Ceratitis
rosa Karsch (Diptera,Tephritidae) populations from Kenya and South Africa |
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Authors: | Chrysantus M Tanga Aruna Manrakhan John-Henry Daneel Samira A Mohamed Khamis Fathiya Sunday Ekesi |
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Institution: | 1.International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya;2.Citrus Research International, P.O. Box 28, Nelspruit 1200, South Africa |
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Abstract: | Comparative analysis of development and survivorship of two geographically divergent populations of the Natal fruit fly Ceratitis
rosa Karsch designated as Ceratitis
rosa R1 and Ceratitis
rosa R2 from Kenya and South Africa were studied at seven constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 33, 35 °C). Temperature range for development and survival of both populations was 15–35 °C. The developmental duration was found to significantly decrease with increasing temperature for Ceratitis
rosa R1 and Ceratitis
rosa R2 from both countries. Survivorship of all the immature stages of Ceratitis
rosa R1 and Ceratitis
rosa R2 from Kenya was highest over the range of 20–30 °C (87–95%) and lowest at 15 and 35 °C (61–76%). Survivorship of larvae of Ceratitis
rosa R1 and Ceratitis
rosa R2 from South Africa was lowest at 35 °C (22%) and 33 °C (0.33%), respectively. Results from temperature summation models showed that Ceratitis
rosa R2 (egg, larva and pupa) from both countries were better adapted to low temperatures than R1, based on lower developmental threshold. Minimum larval temperature threshold for Kenyan populations were 11.27 °C and 6.34 °C (R1 and R2, respectively) compared to 8.99 °C and 7.74 °C (R1 and R2, respectively) for the South African populations. Total degree-day (DD) accumulation for the Kenyan populations were estimated at 302.75 (Ceratitis
rosa R1) and 413.53 (Ceratitis
rosa R2) compared to 287.35 (Ceratitis
rosa R1) and 344.3 (Ceratitis
rosa R2) for the South African populations. These results demonstrate that Ceratitis
rosa R1 and Ceratitis
rosa R2 from both countries were physiologically distinct in their response to different temperature regimes and support the existence of two genetically distinct populations of Ceratitis
rosa. It also suggests the need for taxonomic revision of Ceratitis
rosa, however, additional information on morphological characterization of Ceratitis
rosa R1 and Ceratitis
rosa R2 is needed. |
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Keywords: | Ceratitis
rosa" target="_blank">Ceratitis
rosa comparative demography developmental thresholds survivorship |
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