Stem cell biotherapy: A new remedy for Trichinella spiralis-induced inflammatory myopathy |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Medical Parasitology Department, Faulty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt;2. Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Egypt;3. Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt;4. Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt;5. Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt;6. Histopathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt;7. Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt;8. Biostatistics and Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt;9. Medical Parasitology Subunit, Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Jordan;10. Medical Parasitology Subunit, Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia;1. Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Faculdades Integradas de Bauru- FIB, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil;1. Special Infectious Agents Unit Biosafety Level-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;2. Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam;3. Emergency Preparedness and Response Program, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Dakar Hub, Senegal;4. Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;5. Global Health Program, Chatham House, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, United Kingdom;6. Division of Infection and Immunity, Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, United Kingdom;1. Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, 22 Wanhua St, Dali 671000, China;2. Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin St, Changchun 130000, China;1. National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan;2. College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite, Philippines;3. Biotechnology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Egypt;4. School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China |
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| Abstract: | Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis)-induced myopathy is an inflammatory myopathy that is difficult to treat unless the parasite is combated in its early intestinal phase before it reaches the muscles. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of local mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy on T. spiralis-induced inflammatory myopathy in rats. Rats were divided into four groups: Group 1 (non-infected non-treated group); Group 2 (infected non-treated group); Group 3 (infected albendazole (ABZ)-treated group); and Group 4 (infected MSC-treated group). Their muscle status was assessed physiologically with the righting reflex and electromyography (EMG), parasitologically with the total muscle larval count, histopathologically with hematoxylin and eosin and Mallory's trichrome stains, as well as immunohistochemically for myogenin as a marker of muscle regeneration. Additionally, serum muscle enzymes creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as muscle matrix metalloproteinases MMP1 and MMP9, were assayed. Finally, the immunological response was assessed by measuring the levels of the muscle inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (INF-γ), and interleukin-4 (IL-4). Our findings revealed that MSC therapy markedly improved muscle EMG and righting reflex, as well as the histopathological appearance of the muscles, reduced inflammatory cellular infiltrates, and increased myogenin immunostaining. It also reduced serum CK and LDH levels, as well as muscle INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, MMP1, and MMP9 levels. However, it had no effect on the total muscle larval count. Accordingly, due to its anti-inflammatory properties and muscle-regenerative effect, MSC therapy could be a promising new remedy for T. spiralis-induced myopathy. |
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| Keywords: | Trichinella spiralis |
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