Degrade to survive: the intricate world of piroplasmid proteases |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), INTA-Castelar, Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto s/n, Hurlingham 1686, Argentina;2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1033AAJ, Argentina;3. Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 1160/31, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;4. Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;5. Washington State University/Animal Disease Research Unit USDA, Pullman, WA, USA;1. National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan;2. Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;3. Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan;4. Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi Mibu 321-0293, Japan;1. Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic;2. Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;1. Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort, South Africa;2. Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa;1. Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic;2. Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic;3. Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic;4. Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic;1. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA;2. Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Piroplasmids of the genera Babesia, Theileria, and Cytauxzoon are tick-transmitted parasites with a high impact on animals and humans. They have complex life cycles in their definitive arthropod and intermediate vertebrate hosts involving numerous processes, including invasion of, and egress from, host cells, parasite growth, transformation, and migration. Like other parasitic protozoa, piroplasmids are equipped with different types of protease to fulfill many of such essential processes. Blockade of some key proteases, using inhibitors or antibodies, hinders piroplasmid growth, highlighting their potential usefulness in drug therapies and vaccine development. A better understanding of the functional significance of these enzymes will contribute to the development of improved control measures for the devastating animal and human diseases caused by these pathogens. |
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