In-straw warming protocol improves survival of vitrified embryos and allows direct transfer in cattle |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia;2. National Key Laboratory of Animal Cell Technology, National Institute of Animal Sciences, Hanoi, Viet Nam;3. Australian Reproductive Technologies, Mt Chalmers, QLD 4702, Australia;4. Education Program in Reproduction & Development, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;1. Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;2. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;3. Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;1. NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan;2. Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan;3. College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea;4. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center, Taipei 10648, Taiwan;1. Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon SK S7N 5B4, Canada;2. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Center, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon SK S7N 0X2, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Vitrification is a superior method for cryopreservation of IVF embryos, but due to complicated warming protocols, it is not commonly used for commercial bovine embryos routine. To overcome the need of laboratory embryo preparation during warming, we developed an in-straw warming protocol compatible with most vitrification devices for embryo transfer without sucrose gradient steps and embryo evaluation. Surprisingly, one of the tested protocols improved embryo survival (95.0%* vs 83.1% expansion rate and 74.2%* vs 51.5% hatching rate) compared to conventional in-plate warming. Embryo quality was also increased, taken by the higher total cell numbers (160.7 ± 8.6* vs 99.0 ± 7.9) and lower apoptosis index (4.9 ± 0.6* vs 11.5 ± 2.4) 48 h after warming. Pregnancy rates were similar between vitrified-warmed embryos and fresh embryos (40% vs 43%). Based on our results, we suggest in-straw warming should always be used for vitrified embryos due to beneficial effects. Direct transfer can be safely performed using this protocol. |
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| Keywords: | Vitrification Sucrose In-straw Direct transfer Cryotolerance Cryopreservation Open vitrification devices |
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