Role of estrogen receptors and antiestrogen binding sites in an early effect of antiestrogens, the inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis

The effects of estradiol (E2), 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (OH-Tam), and LY117018 on cholesterogenesis were investigated in two human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and BT20), and in rat hepatoma (HTC) and fibroblastic (NRK-49F) cell lines. It was found that 10(-10) M E2 stimulated and 10(-8) M OH-Tam inhibited cholesterol synthesis in the estrogen-sensitive MCF-7 cell line. The OH-Tam effect occurred in less than 15 min whereas E2 only stimulated after 8 h. The inhibition of cholesterol synthesis was not reversed by E2. E2 was without effect in the HTC and estrogen-resistant BT20 cell lines whereas OH-Tam was as effective as in the MCF-7 cells. LY117018 had nearly as much effect on cholesterol synthesis as OH-Tam, in both MCF-7 and BT20 cells. Neither E2 nor OH-Tam had any effect on the NRK-49F cell line, even at micromolar concentrations. The three lines (MCF-7, BT20, HTC), whose cholesterol synthesis has been shown to be OH-Tam sensitive, appeared to contain high-affinity antiestrogen binding sites (AEBS); since the OH-Tam-resistant line (NRK) only contained low-affinity AEBS, there appears to be some relationship between OH-Tam sensitivity and high-affinity AEBS content. This suggests that the cholesterogenesis inhibition induced by antiestrogens is ER-independent and may involve AEBS. The cholesterogenesis stimulation induced by E2 occurred via a different pathway that appears to be related to the presence of ER in the cells.