春小麦拔节期有限供水的产量和生理效应研究初报

本文研究了春小麦在中度水分亏缺（４０％土壤毛管持水量，ＣＷ）生长下，拔节期不同水平供水处理（３０─１００％ＣＷ，１０天）下的植株生长发育、水分代谢及产量组成方面的变化，初步发现，拔节期保持４０％ＣＷ是水分利用的效率（ＷＵＥ）与产量同步增加的下限，６０％ＣＷ是达到较高ＷＵＥ和较高产量的下限；春小麦拔节期增加限量供水能有效增加籽粒产量。产量增加又同植株干物质积累、株高、根系生长、旗叶面积及单株穗粒数紧密正相关。此外，拔节期有限供水的增加，蒸腾速度、叶水势和渗透势等生理指标也有一定程度的效应变化。

THE PRIMARY STUDY OF YIELD AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT TO LIMITED WATER SUPPLEMENT AT JOINTINTING STAGE OF SPRING WHEAT

The changes of growth and development, water metabolism, and yield componment were studied under mid water deficit(40% soil Capillary Water, CW) condition, and only different level water supplement, 30% CW-100%CW, at jointing stage of spring wheat. The results showed that retaining 40%CW at jointing stage is a threshold value in which yield and water use efficiency (WUE) increase togather. 60% CW is a lowest limited value that more high yield and WUE can be getten. Inereasing limited water supplement at jointing stage can raise seed yield of spring availably, which is related closely to the raising dry matter accumulation, plant height, rooting growth, area of flag leaf, and seed number per ear. On the other hand, the changes of transpiration rate, water potential and osmotic potential can improved and adjusted the growth and development, physiological metabolism status under limited water supplement of spring at jointing stage.