小麦全蚀病菌致病力测定及品种抗病性研究

近年来,小麦全蚀病在我国黄淮麦区的发生呈上升趋势,为了解该病菌的致病力及目前推广品种的抗病性,本研究比较了全蚀病菌致病力的3种接种测定方法和2种病情分级标准,结果表明以蛭石为培养基质、麦种下2cm接种菌丝块和0～6级的分级标准,可比较有效和准确地测定小麦全蚀病菌的致病力。对2010年分离自黄淮麦区河南、江苏、安徽、山东4省10地的52株小麦全蚀病菌进行了致病力测定,结果表明供试菌株的致病力存在明显差异。选取致病性较强的菌株G1037,对69个常用小麦品种进行了苗期抗全蚀病鉴定,结果表明供试小麦品种对全蚀病的抗性水平普遍较低,没有发现免疫和高抗的品种,泛麦5号和太空6号具有较强的抗(耐)性。

Virulence of Wheat Take-all Pathogen and Disease Resistance of Different Wheat Cultivars

In recent years, the incidence of wheat take-all disease has been increasing in Huang-Huai area, and this disease is becoming one of the most important wheat diseases. To determine the virulence of Gaeumannomyces graminis isolates and to provide the scientific basis for screening of resistant wheat cultivars, three inoculation and two investigation methods were compared in this study. The results suggested that the method with fungal-colonized agar plugs 2 cm below the wheat seeds combined with the 0-6 disease grade standard was better than the others, which presented appropriate disease severity and less standard error. The virulence of 52 G. graminis isolates collected from Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, and Shandong province in 2010 was then tested using the method mentioned above. The results showed that the virulence was different significantly among the isolates. Finally, 69 wheat cultivars were selected to test their resistance against G. graminis isolate G1037, which is aggressive during seeding stage. All the tested wheat cultivars were susceptible to G1037. Among the tested wheat cultivars, none of them was immune or highly resistant to G. graminis. However, Fanmai 5 and Taikong 6 showed some resistance against G. graminis.