农户生活消费对环境影响的空间差异及其原因——基于张掖市2010年调查数据

农户是农村最主要的行为主体,其生活消费对环境有重要影响,然而农户的生活消费模式等因素的差异导致对环境的影响在空间上存在差异,为了缓解农户生活消费对环境的压力,需要研究其消费对环境影响的空间差异。基于张掖市2010年调查数据和统计资料研究了农户生活消费对环境影响空间差异,并分析了原因,研究结果显示:(1)张掖市2010年人均生态足迹为1.056hm2/人,人均生态承载力为1.705hm2/人,人均生态盈余0.649hm2/人;(2)从生态足迹的构成看,当地的生活消费主要是以生物资源和化石能源消耗为主,占总生态足迹的81%,而建筑用地和水域消耗最少,占总生态足迹的1.2%。;(3)张掖市五县(区)农户生活消费对环境的影响总体差异较小,Gini系数为0.309。但是区域间的差异远远大于区域内的差异,区域间的差异为0.442,占总差异的71.1%,区域内的差异为0.18,占总差异的28.9%。其中,甘州区农户生活消费对环境影响差异最大,Theil指数为0.078;(4)农户消费模式、家庭规模和人均年收入增多,将加剧农户对环境的压力,劳动力受教育程度、社会资本存量和非农化程度提高,将在一定程度上减缓农户对环境的影响。

Spatial disparities and the reasons about the impact of the peasant household consumption on environment: based on the survey data of Zhangye city in 2010

The Peasant Household are the most important actors in rural areas, their living consumption pattern has significant impact on the environment, however, the difference of farmer''s living consumption pattern and other factors led to the difference of the environmental impact in space. In order to alleviate the impact of household''s living consumption on environment, it is necessary to research the spatial difference of the environmental impact of the household''s living consumption. Based on the survey data in Zhangye, this paper analyzes the impact of household consumption on the environment and the reasons for spatial differences. the results shows: (1) the per capita ecological footprint of the peasant household in Zhangye in 2010 is 1.056hm²/people, per capita bio capacity is 1.705hm²/people, per capita ecological surplus 0.649hm²/person;(2) The peasant household''s ecological consumption is mainly based on biological resources and fossil-based energy consumption, about 81% of the total ecological footprint, but the construction land and waters consume is lowest, about 1.2% of the total ecological footprint;(3) The overall difference of the peasant household''s environmental impact in Zhangye is small, its Gini coefficient is 0.309. But the differences among the five counties is far greater than that of the region inside, its Theil index is 0.442, this kind of difference represents 71.1% of the overall difference, the difference of the region inside is 0.18, accounting for 28.9% of the overall difference. Among them the impact the peasant household''s living consumption on the environment in Ganzhou is the biggest difference, Theil index is 0.078; (4)Increasing household living consumption, family size and per capita income will exacerbate the environmental impact, however, improving the labor''s education level, social capital and non-agricultural level will mitigate the environmental impact.