Differentiation of somatic cells in the ovariuteri of the apoikogenic scorpion Euscorpius italicus (Chelicerata,Scorpiones, Euscorpiidae) |
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| Institution: | 1. Post-Graduate Program in Wildlife Biology & Conservation, Wildlife Conservation Society-India Program, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India;2. Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Environment, Indian Institute of Ecology and Environment, A 15, Paryavaran Complex, South of Saket, New Delhi 110030, India;3. Pokharkar house, Near Town Hall, Old Jalna, Jalna 431203, India;1. Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;2. Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podbrzezie 2, 31-358 Kraków, Poland;1. Allgemeine und Systematische Zoologie, Zoologisches Institut und Museum, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, J.-S.-Bach-Straße 11/12, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany;2. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” – CONICET, Av. Angel Gallardo 470, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. Zhou Pei-yuan Center for Applied Mathematics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China;3. Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;1. Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Wroc?aw, ul. Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wroc?aw, Poland;2. Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroc?aw, Poland;3. University School of Physical Education in Cracow, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Geography in Tourism, Poland;4. Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Environmental Science, Huygens building, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | In apoikogenic scorpions, growing oocytes protrude from the gonad (ovariuterus) and develop in follicles exposed to the mesosomal (i.e. hemocoelic) cavity. During subsequent stages of oogenesis (previtellogenesis and vitellogenesis), the follicles are connected to the gonad surface by prominent somatic stalks. The aim of our study was to analyze the origin, structure and functioning of somatic cells accompanying protruding oocytes. We show that these cells differentiate into two morphologically distinct subpopulations: the follicular cells and stalk cells. The follicular cells gather on the hemocoelic (i.e. facing the hemocoel) surface of the oocyte, where they constitute a cuboidal epithelium. The arrangement of the follicular cells on the oocyte surface is not uniform; moreover, the actin cytoskeleton of these cells undergoes significant modifications during oocyte growth. During initial stages of the stalk formation the stalk cells elongate and form F-actin rich cytoplasmic processes by which the stalk cells are tightly connected to each other. Additionally, the stalk cells develop microvilli directed towards the growing oocyte. Our findings indicate that the follicular cells covering hemocoelic surfaces of the oocyte and the stalk cells represent two distinct subpopulations of epithelial cells, which differ in morphology, behavior and function. |
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| Keywords: | Follicular cells Stalk cells Chelicerate type ovary Epithelial morphogenesis Cell–cell adhesion |
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