Cell death and tissue reorganization in Rhynchosciara americana (Sciaridae: Diptera) metamorphosis and their relation to molting hormone titers |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524, Ed Biomédicas 1, CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil;2. Post-Graduate Interunits Program in Biotechnology, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415 Edifício ICB – III – Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil;3. Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil;1. Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, SI–2000 Maribor, Slovenia;2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koro?ka cesta 160, SI–2000 Maribor, Slovenia;3. Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;1. Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Biologia, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy;2. Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Biologia, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy;1. Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;2. Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podbrzezie 2, 31-358 Kraków, Poland;1. Department of Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, Faculty of Life Science, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;2. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont, Cape Town, South Africa;3. VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria;4. Department of Theoretical Biology, University of Vienna, Faculty of Life Science, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria |
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| Abstract: | Programmed cell death (PCD) is a focal topic for understanding processes underlying metamorphosis in insects, especially so in holometabolous orders. During adult morphogenesis it allows for the elimination of larva-specific tissues and the reorganization of others for their functionalities in adult life. In Rhynchosciara, this PCD process could be classified as autophagic cell death, yet the expression of apoptosis-related genes and certain morphological aspects suggest that processes, autophagy and apoptosis may be involved. Aiming to reveal the morphological changes that salivary gland and fat body cells undergo during metamorphosis we conducted microscopy analyses to detect chromatin condensation and fragmentation, as well as alterations in the cytoplasm of late pupal tissues of Rhynchosciara americana. Transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy revealed cells in variable stages of death. By analyzing the morphological structure of the salivary gland we observed the presence of cells with autophagic vacuoles and apoptotic bodies and DNA fragmentation was confirmed with the TUNEL assay in salivary gland. The reorganization of fat body occurs with discrete detection of cell death by TUNEL assay. However, both salivary gland histolysis and fat body reorganization occur under control of the hormone ecdysone. |
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| Keywords: | Salivary gland Fat body Autophagy Apoptosis Postembryonic development |
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