Comparative morphology of spermatozoa and reproductive systems of zorapteran species from different world regions (Insecta,Zoraptera) |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Life Sciences, Via A. Moro 2, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy;2. Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Nagano 386-2204, Japan;3. Entomology Group, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstr. 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany;4. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Caixa Postal 478, 69011-970 Manaus, AM, Brazil;1. Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Ebertstrasse 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany;2. Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;1. Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;2. Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Sugadaira Kogen, Ueda, Nagano 386-2204, Japan;3. Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Ebertstrasse 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany;1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;2. Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820, USA;3. Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Integrated Management, Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;1. 3420 SW Willamette Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA;2. Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;3. Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Ebertstrasse 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany;1. Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Departamento de Biologia Geral, UFV, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil;2. Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy |
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Abstract: | The male and female reproductive apparatus of Zorotypus magnicaudelli (Malaysia), Zorotypus huxleyi (Ecuador) and Zorotypus weidneri (Brazil) were examined and documented in detail. The genital apparatus and sperm of the three species show only minor differences. The testes are larger in Z. magnicaudelli. Z. huxleyi lacks the helical appendage in the accessory glands. A long cuticular flagellum is present in Z. magnicaudelli and in the previously studied Zorotypus caudelli like in several other species, whereas it is absent in Z. weidneri, Z. huxleyi, Zorotypus hubbardi, Zorotypus impolitus and Zorotypus guineensis. Characteristic features of the very similar sperm are the presence of: a) two dense arches above the axoneme; b) a 9 + 9+2 axoneme with detached subtubules A and B of doublets 1 and 6; c) the axonemal end degenerating with enlarging accessory tubules; d) accessory tubules with 17 protofilaments; e) three accessory bodies beneath the axoneme; and f) two mitochondrial derivatives of equal shape. The first characteristic (a) is unknown outside of Zoraptera and possibly autapomorphic. The sperm structure differs distinctly in Z. impolitus and Z. hubbardi, which produce giant sperm and possess a huge spermatheca. The presence of the same sperm type in species either provided with a sclerotized coiled flagellum in males or lacking this structure indicates that a different organization of the genital apparatus does not necessarily affect the sperm structure. The flagellum and its pouch has probably evolved within Zoraptera, but it cannot be excluded that it is a groundplan feature and was reduced several times. The fossil evidence and our findings suggest that distinct modifications in the genital apparatus occurred before the fragmentation of the Gondwanan landmass in the middle Cretaceous. |
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Keywords: | Polyneoptera Insect anatomy Insect ultrastructure Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) |
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