苹果绵蚜在不同寄主果园中的种群数量动态比较

【背景】在我国，苹果绵蚜对苹果等寄主的危害日益严重，发生面积不断扩大，而品种抗性是害虫治理的一种重要手段。【方法12007—2009年于山东莱阳地区系统调查了苹果绵蚜在不同寄主果园的发生动态规律，比较了不同寄主对苹果绵蚜的抗性差异。【结果】苹果绵蚜在红富士、乔纳金、新红星苹果园和西府海棠果园中1a有2个发生高峰，5月底到7月下旬是第1个高峰，也是全年发生的最高峰，9月初到10月底是全年发生的第2个高峰，而7月底到8月底是苹果绵蚜发生的低谷期。苹果绵蚜在红富士苹果上的发生数量显著高于在乔纳金、新红星苹果和西府海棠上的发生数量。在3a的调查时间内，苹果绵蚜在红富士、乔纳金、新红星苹果上每次平均发生量分别为153．2、31．6、30．3头·株^-1。越冬前调查表明，苹果绵蚜对红富士的为害率显著高于青香蕉、乔纳金、新红星和小国光，小国光的被害率以及虫落数量最低。【结论与意义】红富士是苹果绵蚜的感虫品种，而小国光、乔纳金和新红星相对抗虫。文中讨论了苹果绵蚜抗性品种的筛选方法，为掌握不同寄主对苹果绵蚜的抗性差异以及制定苹果绵蚜的抗性治理策略提供了依据。

Comparison of population dynamics of Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann in different orchards

Background] Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann seriously damages apple trees and other hosts increasingly and expands its distributed area ceaselessly in China. Resistance of varieties is an important means of pest management. Method] We systematically investigated the seasonal dynamics of E. lanigerum in different orchards in Laiyang, Shandong Province, from 2007 to 2009, to find out their ability to resist E. lanigerum. Result]Two peaks of E. lanigerum occurred from late May to late July and from early Sep- tember to late October on apple cultivars Red Fuji, Jonagold, Starkrimson and Malus micro malus, respectively. The population dy- namics was however at lowest density from late July to late August. The denSity of this pest was significantly higher on Red Fuji than on other three kinds of hosts. The average numbers of E. lanigerum on varieties of Red Fuji, Jonagold and Starkrimson apple trees were 153.2, 31.6 and 30.3 individuals/tree over three years. The field investigation before winter showed that the damaged rate of woolly apple aphid to Red Fuji was significantly higher than those to White winter pearmain, Jonagold, Starkrimson and Rails Janet, among which Rails Janet had the lowest damaged rate and colony number. Conclusion and significance] Red Fuji apple trees were susceptible to E. lanigeram, whereas Rails Janet, Jonagold and Starkrimson apple trees showed a certain resistance under Chinese conditions. Screening method of resistance variety to E. lanigerum was also discussed so as to provide scientific foundation for management of E. lanigerum.