Autotoxic Ginsenosides in the Rhizosphere Contribute to the Replant Failure of Panax notoginseng |
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| Authors: | Min Yang Xiaodan Zhang Yanguo Xu Xinyue Mei Bingbing Jiang Jingjing Liao Zhaobo Yin Jianfen Zheng Zhi Zhao Liming Fan Xiahong He Youyong Zhu Shusheng Zhu |
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| Affiliation: | Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China;Northwest A&F University, CHINA |
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| Abstract: | MethodsThe autotoxicities were measured using seedling emergence bioassays and root cell vigor staining. The ginsenosides in the roots, soils, and root exudates were identified with HPLC-MS.ResultsThe seedling emergence and survival rate decreased significantly with the continuous number of planting years from one to three years. The root exudates, root extracts, and extracts from consecutively cultivated soils also showed significant autotoxicity against seedling emergence and growth. Ginsenosides, including R1, Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rb3, Rg2, and Rd, were identified in the roots and consecutively cultivated soil. The ginsenosides, Rg1, Re, Rg2, and Rd, were identified in the root exudates. Furthermore, the ginsenosides, R1, Rg1, Re, Rg2, and Rd, caused autotoxicity against seedling emergence and growth and root cell vigor at a concentration of 1.0 µg/mL.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that autotoxicity results in replant failure of Sanqi ginseng. While Sanqi ginseng consecutively cultivated, some ginsenosides can accumulate in rhizosphere soils through root exudates or root decomposition, which impedes seedling emergence and growth. |
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