4-1BB promotes the survival of CD8+ T lymphocytes by increasing expression of Bcl-xL and Bfl-1

4-1BB, a T cell costimulatory receptor, prolongs CD8(+) T cell survival. In these studies, 4-1BB stimulation was shown to increase expression of the antiapoptotic genes bcl-x(L) and bfl-1 via 4-1BB-mediated NF-kappaB activation. This signaling pathway was specifically inhibited by PDTC and was different from the pathways that enhanced CD8(+) T cell proliferation. The results suggest a role for the antiapoptotic activities of Bcl-x(L) and Bfl-1 proteins in 4-1BB-mediated CD8(+) T cell survival in vivo.