摩尔达瓦新石器时代环境变化与农业发展的孢粉学证据

新石器居民点Sakarovka(Krish文化）位于摩尔达瓦西北部，它代表了欧洲第一个农业文明，这一文化在新石器时代早期广泛分布于前南斯拉夫和现匈牙利，罗马尼亚及摩尔达瓦地区，这些地区Krish文化层的14C同位素年代为6650＋／－50年，或者公元前5600－1480年，现有的孢粉资料显示，当时的森林－草原植被生长在比现代更好的气候环境下，谷物（Triticum,Avena,Hordeum)花粉及伴生的杂草花粉可以证明当时的农业活动，在Krish文化的末期，森林面积减少和喜旱的禾草类增加是由于气候干旱化，木材开发以及开辟新的可耕地引起的。

PALYNOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE NEOLITHIC OF MOLDOVA

The Neolithic settlement Sakarovka (Krish culture) is situated in the northwestern part of Moldova and represents the first European agricultural civilization. This culture was widespread on the territories of the former Yugoslavia, modern Hungary, Rumania and Moldova during the Early Neolithic. The carbon isotopic age by 14C of Krish cultural layer of this settlement is about 6650+50 y. BP or 5600-1480 y. BC. The obtained palynological data suggest forest-steppe vegetation development under more favourable than recent climatic conditions during habitation. The agricultural activity evidenced by the presence of cereal pollen (Triticum, Avena, Hordeum) and pollen of the attendent weedy plants. By the end of habitation, the forest areas decreased along with an increase in xerophylous grasses caused by aridity growing, deforestation for wood exploration and the creation of new arable lands.