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Penicillium verruculosum SG: a source of polyketide and bioactive compounds with varying cytotoxic activities against normal and cancer lines |
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| Authors: | Salma Gul Shah W. Thomas Shier Jamaluddin Nawaz Tahir Abdul Hameed Safia Ahmad Naeem Ali |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA 3. Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan 4. Department of Physics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan |
| Abstract: | A newly isolated fungus Penicillium verruculosum SG was evaluated for the production and characterization of bioactive colored secondary metabolites using solid-state fermentation along with their cytotoxic activities against normal and cancer cell lines. Logical fragmentation pattern following column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of crude culture filtrate of fungus revealed the presence of different polyketide pigments and other bioactive compounds. Cytotoxicity of the selected colored fractions of fungal filtrate containing different compounds revealed IC50 (μg/ml) values ranging from 5 to 100. It was significantly higher in case of orevactaene (5 + 0.44) and monascorubrine followed by pyripyropene (8 + 0.63) against cancer cell line KA3IT. Overall, these compounds considerably showed less toxicity toward normal cell lines NIH3T3, HSCT6, HEK293 and MDCK. XRD of a yellow crystalline compound (224.21 m/z) confirmed its 3-dimensional structure as phenazine 1 carboxylic acid (C13H8N2O2) (broad spectrum antibiotic), and it is first time reported in fungi. |
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