Microbial diversity in Frenulata (Siboglinidae,Polychaeta) species from mud volcanoes in the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic) |
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Authors: | Clara F Rodrigues Ana Hilário Marina R Cunha Andrew J Weightman Gordon Webster |
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Institution: | (1) CESAM & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;(2) Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, UK;(3) School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, UK |
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Abstract: | Frenulates are a group of gutless marine annelids belonging to the Siboglinidae that are nutritionally dependent upon endosymbiotic
bacteria. We have characterized the bacteria associated with several frenulate species from mud volcanoes in the Gulf of Cadiz
by PCR-DGGE of bacterial 16S rRNA genes, coupled with analysis of 16S rRNA gene libraries. In addition to the primary symbiont,
bacterial consortia (microflora) were found in all species analysed. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the primary symbiont
in most cases belongs to the Gammaproteobacteria and were related to thiotrophic and methanotrophic symbionts from other marine invertebrates, whereas members of the microflora
were related to multiple bacterial phyla. This is the first molecular evidence of methanotrophic bacteria in at least one
frenulate species. In addition, the occurrence of the same bacterial phylotype in different Frenulata species, from different
depths and mud volcanoes suggests that there is no selection for specific symbionts and corroborates environmental acquisition
as previously proposed for this group of siboglinids. |
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