水生丝孢菌研究进展

本文回顾了自1942年水生丝孢菌发现以来,该类群的研究进展。世界范围内已有约80属、200种的水生丝孢菌被报道。中国发现20属、28种。12属中的15种水生丝孢菌的有性阶段已发现,它们大多数是子囊菌,少数为担子菌。生理学研究证实,该类真菌普遍地可以分泌胞外多糖酶,从而能较好地利用多种碳源。其它生理特性,如氮源和矿物的需求等,本文也作了综述。一些植物寄生性水生丝孢菌也有报道。生态学研究表明,秋季和冬季是水生丝孢菌大发生季节。它们在水环境中的重要作用,文中也作了较详细的讨论。最后涉及的是水生丝孢菌的传布和陆生情况的发现。本文还对该类群真菌的研究前景作了展望。

ADVANCES IN AQUATIC HYPHOMYCETES

Progress in the study of the freshwater hyphomycetes on submerged decaying leaves, especially dicotyledonous trees and shrubs, since the discovery of the fungi in 1942, is reviewed. About 80 genera and 200 species are now recorded all over the world. And 20 genera and 28 species have been found in China. Perfect stages of 15 species of t2 genera have been discovered. The majarity of them are ascomycetes while the minority are basidiomycetes. The fungi excrete kinds of extracellular polysaccaridases. So they can utilize various carbon sources very well. Nitrogen and mineral elements requirements are also concerned. Some plant pathogenic aquatic hyphomycetes are noted. Much attention is given to ecological problems. Investigation has revealed that aquatic hyphomycetes reach its peak in autumn and winter or low-temperature environments. The fungi play an important role in the food chains in freshwater biosystem. Terrestrial occurrence and dispersal of the fungi is discussed as well. Research prospects of aquatic hyphomycetes are mentioned at the end of this paper.