Two ancestral APETALA3 homologs from the basal angiosperm Magnolia wufengensis (Magnoliaceae) can affect flower development of Arabidopsis |
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| Institution: | 1. Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang City, Hubei Province 443002, PR China;2. College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province 434025, PR China;1. Pathophysiology Department, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, Shanxi, China;2. ICU of the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China;3. Institute of Hepatology, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, Shanxi, China;4. Pharmacology Department, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, Shanxi, China;5. Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, Shanxi, China;6. Physiology Department, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, Shanxi, China;7. Institute of Hepatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China;8. Functional Laboratory, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, Shanxi, China;9. USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA;1. Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Tokat, Turkey;2. Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Tokat, Turkey;3. Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey;4. Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Samsun, Turkey;5. Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey;1. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 3 Qinchun Road, Hangzhou 310006, China;2. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 38 Guangji Road, Hangzhou 310022, China;1. Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Children''s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, PRChina;2. Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Children''s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, PRChina |
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| Abstract: | APETALA3 (AP3) homologs are involved in specifying petal and stamen identities in core eudicot model organisms. In order to investigate the functional conservation of AP3 homologs between core eudicots and basal angiosperm, we isolated and identified two AP3 homologs from Magnolia wufengensis, a woody basal angiosperm belonging to the family Magnoliaceae. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that both genes are clade members of the paleoAP3 lineage. Moreover, a highly conserved motif of paleoAP3 is found in the C-terminal regions of MAwuAP3_1/2 proteins, but the PI-derived motif, usually present in AP3/DEF-like lineage members, is missing. Semi-quantitative and real time PCR analyses showed that the expression of MAwuAP3_1/2 was restricted to tepals and stamens. However, the MAwuAP3_1 expression was maintained at a high level during the rapid increased in size of tepals and stamens, while MAwuAP3_2 mRNA was only detected at the early stage of tepal and stamen development. Furthermore, the expression of MAwuAP3_1/2 in transgenic Arabidopsis causes phenotypic changes which partly resemble those caused by ectopic expressions of the endogenous AP3 gene. Moreover, the 35S::MAwuAP3_1/2 transgenic Arabidopsis can be used partially to rescue the loss-of-function ap3 mutant (ap3-3) of Arabidopsis. These findings call for a more comprehensive understanding of the B-functional evolution from basal angiosperm to core eudicot clades. |
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