朝鲜北部的苔藓植物

朝鲜是同我国一江之隔的友好邻邦,它有着很多与我国东北地区共同的植物种类。因此,对朝鲜苔藓植物的研究,为进一步研究我国东北地区苔藓植物种属的起源、演化和分布区等具有重要的意义。笔者于1979年7月17日至8月29日,曾以中国科学院植物分类学赴朝考察组的组员身份,到朝鲜进行了苔藓植物学方面的考察并收集了有关资料。根据这些标本资科和有关文献,加以分析和研究后写成了本文。

BRYOPHYTES OF NORTH KOREA

In 1979, K. C. Chang visited North Korea, and from Chang's collections and those made by V. F. Brotherus, Y.Horikawa, A. Noguchi and T. Osada, we were able to make a rather complete list of bryophytes from North Korea which we hope will help to fill the gap in our knowledge of the bryophytes of this region. The bryophytes of North Korea include 61 families, 145 genera, 260 species, 2 subspecies, 6 varieties and 1 from. Among them, 126 species are recorded as new to flora of North Korea. Geographic Distribution and Floristic Analysis of Bryo-phyta in North Korea. A) The main floristic elements are as follows:1) Holarctic element……172 spp. (64%):Sphagnum spp., Amblystegium serpens, Bazzonia tricrenata, Conocephalum conicum, etc. The abundance of species of the Holarctic element on North Korea is remarkable. 2) East Asian……64 spp. (24%):Bryonoguchia molkenboeri, Mnium spp., Jubula japonica^*, Macvicraria ulophylla^*, Fauriella tenuis^*, Taxiphyllum aomoriense, and many others belong here.The species marked with an asterisk occur in North Korea, China and Japan. 3) Tropical and subtropical……3 spp. (1.1%):Metzgeria consanguinea occur only in Korea, Japan, New Guinea, Java, Burma, and Thuidiun cymbifolium, Chaetomitriopsis glaucocarpa only in tropical and subtropical regions. 4) Endemic in North Korea……2 spp. (0.7%):This seemslimitid to only two species and one variety, Pylaisiella coreana, Philonotis coreensis and Gollania neckerella var. coreensis. 5) Cosmopolitan……28 spp.(10.2%). B) Among the bryophyta of North Korea the families which include the most genera and species are:Polytrichaceae, 4 gen. 14 spp.; Dicranaceae, 10 gen. 20 spp.; Mniaceae, 4 gen.15 spp.; Hypnaceae, 8 gen. 19 spp.; Lophoziaceae, 4 gen. 6 spp.;Jungermanniaceae, 4 gen. 4 spp.; and scapaniaceae, 3 gen. 5 spp.Altogether there are 11 major large families including 63 genera and 138 species, accounting for 43.5% of the genera and 52% of the species, of this area. Except a few east Asian and endemic species, most of them are species which are widely distributed in the Holarctic and the temperate zones. C) The existence of many genera and species common to Northeast China and Japan shows that there might be close paleogeographic and paleoclimiatic relationships with these re-gions, as evidenced by the occurrence and distribution of Bryophyta. Only in modern times have geographic and clima-tic barriers taken shape. D. No endemic families and genera have been found in this area, indicating that North Korea is not an independent climatic district nor has it been geologically segregated. Ra-ther, it belongs to the eastern Asian subregion of the Holarc-tic plant zone.