宁夏枸杞传粉生态学初步研究

田间观察检测了宁夏枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)9个品系的开花物候、开花动态、花粉活力、柱头可授性及其繁育系统,并对花粉萌发、花粉管生长以及访花者的种类和访花行为进行了初步研究.结果表明,宁夏枸杞整个居群有长达5个月的花期,单花的花期仅为3～4 d,花粉活力可保持15 d左右,柱头可授性在72 h左右,雌雄生殖单位在持续时间上有较长的相遇期;花粉数量与胚珠比(P/O)为4 000左右,杂交指数(OCI)介于3或4,繁育系统为异交型,需要传粉者;荧光显微观察表明,参试的3个品系的花粉均能在柱头上萌发,2个有自交不亲和现象,其位置发生在花柱的上半部分和子房内.访花昆虫有17种,分属双翅目、膜翅目和鳞翅目,花的结构和开花式样适合以意大利蜜蜂和食蚜蝇为主的多种昆虫传粉.

Pollination Ecology Study of Lycium barbarum L.

This paper introduces the flowering phenology,flowering dynamics,pollen viability and stigma receptivity and breeding system of the style of the eight stains of Ningxia wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.).It is also a preliminary study on pollen germination,pollen tube growth,as well as the types and behaviors of the flower visitor.The results show that the entire florescence of Ningxia wolfberry can lasts for 5 months,while the florescence of a single flower is only 3 to 4 days;the pollen viability can maintain about 15 days;The stigma receptivity is around 72 hours;male and female reproductive units have a longer encounter period in the duration;P/O is about 4 000;OCI lies between 3 and 4;the breeding system is xenogamy and it requires pollinators.Through the fluorescent microscope observation,it shows that the pollen of the three tested participates can germinate in the stigma,while the other two are self-incompatible,which locates in the upper part of the style and ovary.We also claim that there are 17 types of insects visiting flowers,which belongs to Diptera,Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera,three major categories of insects.And the structure of flower and flowering pattern are suitable for Italian bees and Syrphid flies to pollinate.