贵州产蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的细胞分类学研究

报道了6种贵州产蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的染色体数目和核型,并与其相应近缘种对比,联系植物的外部形态特征,探讨核型结构与形态特征的相关性.发现1个种的染色体数目为2n =36,5个种的染色体数目为2n =38,核型公式分别为:平塘蜘蛛抱蛋(Aspidistra pingtangensis),2n =38 =20m +4sm(2sat) +14st；荔波蜘蛛抱蛋(A.liboensis),2n =38 =22m(2sat)+4sm+ 12st；赤水蜘蛛抱蛋(A.chishuiensis),2n =38 =22m(2sat)+8sm +8st；伞柱蜘蛛抱蛋(A.fungilliformis),2n =36=18m (2sat) +4sm+ 14st；四川蜘蛛抱蛋(A.sichuanensis),2n =38 =22m (2sat) +4sm +12st；丛生蜘蛛抱蛋(A caespitosa),2n =38 =20m +6sm(2sat) +12st.核型类型都为2C型.其中平塘蜘蛛抱蛋、荔波蜘蛛抱蛋和赤水蜘蛛抱蛋的染色体数目和核型均为首次报道.研究结果表明,该属植物的核型结构与外部形态特征具有一定的相关性,细胞分类学研究可以为该属植物起源进化研究以及自然分类鉴定提供一定的依据.

Cytotaxonomy of the Genus Aspidistra from Guizhou

The correlation between the karyotype structure and morphological characteristics among 6 spcies of the genus Aspidistra from Guizhou were investigated based on their chromosome number and external morphology.Among all these 6 species,one was found to have the chromosome number 2n = 36 and the other five with a 2n=38 karyotype.Their karyotype formulas are listed as follows：（1） Aspidistra pingtangensis： 2n=38=20m＋4sm（2sat）＋14st;（2） A.liboensis： 2n=38=22m（2sat）＋4sm＋12st;（3） A.chishuiensis： 2n=38=22m（2sat）＋8sm＋8st;（4） A.fungilliformis 2n=36=18m（2sat）＋4sm＋14st;（5） A.sichuanensis： 2n=38=22m（2sat）＋4sm＋12st;（6） A.caespitosa： 2n=38=20m＋6sm（2sat）＋12st.All the above species had bimodal karyotypes belonging to the Stebbins ＇ karyotype classification 2C.The chromosome number and karyotype of A.pingtangensis,A.liboensis,and A.chishuiensis were reported for the first time.The results showed that in terms of nuclear structure and external morphology this genus has some relevance,and cytotaxonomy can clarify the evolutionary origins of this species to provide a basis for classification and identification.