Epidemiology of asthma and associated factors in an urban Pakistani population: adult asthma study-Karachi |
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Authors: | Shama Razzaq Asaad Ahmed Nafees Unaib Rabbani Muhammad Irfan Shahla Naeem Muhammad Arslan Khan Zafar Fatmi Peter Burney |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Community Health Sciences,Aga Khan University,Karachi,Pakistan;2.Saudi Board Family Medicine, Ministry of Health,Buraidah,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;3.Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonology,Aga Khan University,Karachi,Pakistan;4.Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health,National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London,London,UK;5.Population Health and Occupational Disease,National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London,London,UK;6.Department of Community Health Sciences,Ziauddin University,Karachi,Pakistan |
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Abstract: | BackgroundThis study was conducted in order to determine the prevalence of asthma and associated risk factors in the adult population of Karachi, Pakistan.MethodsThis multi-stage, cross-sectional survey was conducted from May 2014–August 2015; comprising 1629 adults in 75 randomly selected clusters in Karachi, Pakistan. Definitions included: ‘self-reported asthma’, ‘reversibility in FEV1’ and ‘respiratory symptoms and reversibility in FEV1’.ResultsPrevalence of asthma was 1.8% (self-reported) (95% CI: 1.0–2.6), 11.3% (reversibility in FEV1) (95% CI: 9.4–13.3) and 6.6% (symptoms and reversibility in FEV1) (95% CI: 5.1–8.1). Asthmatics were more likely to belong to the age group ≥38?years according to ‘reversibility in FEV1’ and ‘respiratory symptoms and reversibility in FEV1’ (AOR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2–3.3) and (AOR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1–4.2), respectively. Asthmatics were more likely to report history of allergies (AOR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2–2.9) and (AOR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.7–4.8); and were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (AOR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1–2.5) and (AOR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.3) according to ‘reversibility in FEV1’ and ‘respiratory symptoms and reversibility in FEV1’, respectively. Asthmatics were more likely to report pack years of smoking ≥5 (AOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1–4.7) according to ‘respiratory symptoms and reversibility in FEV1’.ConclusionThis study reports a high prevalence of asthma among Pakistani adults and calls for developing appropriate public health policies for prevention and control of asthma in the country. Further studies should be conducted to determine the national prevalence as well as follow-up studies to identify preventable causes for adult asthma. |
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