益生菌的多重抗病毒作用及其机制

病毒性疾病对人类和动物健康造成了重大威胁。由于现有的免疫接种和抗病毒疗法的局限性，开发安全、广谱、廉价的新型抗病毒制剂极为迫切。益生菌是摄入后能对机体产生多种有益作用的活性微生物，其抗病毒作用及潜在机制是当前的研究热点。本文介绍了益生菌通过促进肠道细胞的紧密连接和产生有利物质来维护机体黏膜屏障；与病毒竞争结合靶点或直接捕获并抑杀病毒；刺激机体免疫系统，调节固有免疫反应和适应性免疫反应；分泌具有抗病毒作用的代谢产物来发挥抗病毒作用及其作用机制，以期为益生菌的抗病毒相关研究提供参考。

Multifaceted antiviral effects and the underlying mechanisms of probiotics

Viral diseases pose great threats to human and animal health.In light of the limitations of vaccination and antiviral therapies available,developing safe,broad-spectrum,and inexpensive novel antivirals is an urgent task.Probiotics are viable microorganisms with a lot of benefits to the body.The antiviral effects and underlying mechanisms of probiotics are research hot spots at the moment.This review summarizes the multiple antiviral modes of probiotics,such as promoting the tight junction of intestinal cells and producing beneficial substances to maintain the mucosal barrier of the host,competing with viruses for targets or directly inhibiting and killing viruses,stimulating the immune system and regulating innate and adaptive immune response,or secreting antiviral metabolites to exert antiviral effects.The review is expected to provide insights into the development of probiotics-based antivirals.