AimsElevated anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition could alter N status in temperate steppe. However, threshold observations of N status change from N limit to N saturation by far are not conclusive in these ecosystems. Research on the natural abundance of15N (δ15N) could greatly help provide integrated information about ecosystem N status. The goal of this study was to investigate the suitability of measurements of δ15N of major ecosystem N pools and several key species, plant15N fractionation, together with key vegetation and soil indicators in response to N fertilization as a tool to identify the N status in a temperate steppe in Inner Mongolia.