Differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE) to quantitatively monitor early symbiosis- and pathogenesis-induced changes of the Medicago truncatula root proteome |
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Authors: | Leif Schenkluhn Natalija Hohnjec Karsten Niehaus Udo Schmitz Frank Colditz |
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Institution: | 1. University of Bielefeld, Dept. 7, Proteome and Metabolome Research, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany;2. Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute for Plant Genetics, Dept. III, Plant Molecular Biology/Plant Proteomics, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany;3. Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute for Plant Genetics, Dept. IV, Plant Genomics, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany |
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Abstract: | Symbiosis- and pathogenesis-related early protein induction patterns in the model legume Medicago truncatula were analysed with two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis. Two symbiotic soil microorganisms (Glomus intraradices, Sinorhizobium meliloti) were used in single infections and in combination with a secondary pathogenic infection by the oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches. Proteomic analyses performed 6 and 24 h after inoculations led to identification of 87 differentially induced proteins which likely represent the M. truncatula root ‘interactome’. A set of proteins involved in a primary antioxidant defense reaction was detected during all associations investigated. Symbiosis-related protein induction includes a typical factor of early symbiosis-specific signalling (CaM-2), two Ran-binding proteins of nucleocytoplasmic signalling, and a set of energy-related enzymes together with proteins involved in symbiosis-initiated C- and N-fixation. Pathogen-associated protein induction consists of mainly PR proteins, Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitors, a lectin, and proteins related to primary carbohydrate metabolism and phytoalexin synthesis. Absence of PR proteins and decreased pathogen-induced protein patterns during mixed symbiotic and pathogenic infections indicate bioprotective effects due to symbiotic co-infection. Several 14-3-3 proteins were found as predominant proteins during mixed infections. With respect to hormone-regulation, A. euteiches infection led to induction of ABA-related pathways, while auxin-related pathways are induced during symbiosis. |
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