Multilocus population analysis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gavia immer</Emphasis> (Aves: Gaviidae) mtDNA reveals low genetic diversity and lack of differentiation across the species breeding range |
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Authors: | Carolina?Bartolomé Xulio?Maside Kees??Camphuysen Martin?Heubeck Roberto?Bao |
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Institution: | 1.Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica,Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela,Santiago de Compostela,Spain;2.Netherlands Institute for Sea Research,Den Burg,The Netherlands;3.Shetland Oil Terminal Environmental Advisory Group (SOTEAG),University of Aberdeen,Virkie,UK;4.Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coru?a,Coru?a,Spain |
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Abstract: | We analyzed the patterns of nucleotide sequence variation at three mitochondrial DNA loci, the noncoding mitochondrial control
region and two genes (cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I) of Gavia immer in the largest collection of wintering individuals from Southern Europe to date. The sample consisted of 33 birds, oiled
during the 2002/2003 Prestige tanker spill and washed ashore on the Galician coast (NW Iberian Peninsula). The aims of the study were to investigate the
levels of standing genetic variation in the species, and to identify the geographic origin of these wintering birds. To do
this, all available sequences of these loci, mostly from North American specimens collected from both the Atlantic and Pacific
coasts, were retrieved from GenBank and included in the analysis. Overall, only 14 genetic variants were detected in the nearly
2 Kb surveyed, which reflects very low levels of nucleotide site diversity in this species. Interestingly, all variants were
found at very low frequencies, and there was no indication of any clear subdivision in the G. immer population. This genetic profile is consistent with G. immer being a single panmictic population of small effective population size as compared with other seabirds. These circumstances
preclude identification of the breeding regions of these wintering birds relying solely on genetic data. In the light of these
results, possible causes, and the genetic and ecological consequences, of this demographic scenario are discussed. |
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