A possible correlation between histological changes in regional subcutaneous tissue induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharides and their adjuvant activities

Previously it was demonstrated that Klebsiella pneumoniae O3 lipopolysaccharide (KO3 LPS) exhibited much stronger adjuvant action on antibody response to subcutaneously (s.c.) injected sheep red blood cells or deaggregated bovine serum albumin than did other kinds of LPS, the R-form LPS lacking the O-specific polysaccharide chain of KO3 LPS (R-LPS), and the lipid A fractionated from KO3 LPS. We compared histological changes in the regional subcutaneous tissues of mice injected subcutaneously (s.c.) with KO3 LPS, the lipid A, and R-LPS. At the early stage after injection, KO3 LPS induced the infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells, mainly polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), at the site of injection. Neither R-LPS nor the lipid A induced the accumulation of PMN so much as KO3 LPS did. When injected s.c. with LPS from Escherichia coli O111 (EO111 LPS) and O55 (EO55 LPS), and Salmonella enteritidis (Sent LPS), the appearance of PMN at the regional site was much less than KO3 LPS. KO3 LPS could accumulate more 51Cr-labeled leukocytes at the injection site than EO111 LPS and Sent LPS. Administration of acetylsalicylic acid, which can inhibit leukocyte migration in inflammatory lesions, suppressed its adjuvant action. It was therefore suggested that the strong adjuvant action of KO3 LPS in s.c. injection might be dependent on its potent capability of accumulating PMN at the regional subcutaneous tissue. Furthermore, at the late stage after injection, the formation of several lymphoid follicles at the regional site was seen only in mice injected with KO3 LPS. It might be also related to the strong adjuvant action of KO3 LPS.