Transformation of bahiagrass (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Paspalum notatum</Emphasis> Flugge)

Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge), a forage species widely used in the southeastern United States, and from Central Mexico to Argentina, was targeted for improvement through genetic engineering. Embryogenic callus, initiated from germinating seedlings, was bombarded with a vector containing the bar selectable marker/reporter gene that confers resistance to phosphinothricin (glufosinate) herbicide (trade names Liberty, Ignite and Finale). Thirty-two transgenic plants were recovered. These plants were identified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and verified by Southern analysis. Transgenic plants with bar, as well as non-transgenic plants without bar, regenerated from bombarded callus and selected with glufosinate, developed strong and stable resistance to glufosinate during selection. This unusual resistance in non-transgenic plants has persisted for over a year and is passed on to new tillers. The development of resistance in non-transgenic cells reduced the herbicide selection efficiency and made it necessary to identify transgenic plants by PCR where the 32 transgenic plants were recovered from 674 glufosinate-resistant plants, giving a very low selection efficiency.