生物多样性的几个问题

本文从生物多样性的现状、存在的问题及应采取的措施等三个方面比较全面地叙述了我国生物多样性的情况。"生物安全"是《生物多样性公约》签订后每次缔约国会议都要讨论的中心议题之一。为之，本文也用一定的篇幅作了较详细的介绍。现状部分从物种多样性、遗传多样性及生态系统多样性等三个方面作了介绍，又从自然因素以及由于人类活动造成栖息地的丧失、环境恶化、偷猎走私、过度捕捞和水产养殖、高新技术发展、全球气候变化以及外来种引入等两个方面对生物多样性造成严重威胁作了相当详细的分析。在应采取措施部分，不仅是根据我国目前所存在的问题，还介绍了国外值得借鉴的、可取的经验，以及正在开展的有关项目。使读者对我国生物多样性的情况及应采取的对策有了比较明确的了解。此外，对什么是“生物安全”，为什么要提出生物安全的问题以及应重视的问题也给出了答案。

Some Issues in Biodiversity

The present status, existing problems of biodiversity and measures to be adopted were described in this paper. "Biosafety", which is one of the main subjects discussed in every Contracting Party Congress after ratification of the Convention on Biological Diversity was introduced in detail as well. The present status was described from the fields of species diversity, genetic diversity and ecosystem diversity, respectively. Biodiversity threatened, endangered and extinguished by natural factors as well as habitat loss, deterioration of environment, hunting and smuggling, overfishing and aquatic breeding, development of hitech, global change and introduction of exotic species caused by human activities, were comprehensively analyzed. In the part of measures to be adopted, not only the approaches of solving the problems existed to date were suggested, but also the experience of industrial countries and international prograrmmes developed were illustrated. The solution of "What is biosafety" and "Why the issue of biosafety have to be emphasized" was given clearly.