二甲酸钾对白羽肉鸡生长性能和肠道菌群结构的影响

为评估二甲酸钾对畜禽肠道菌群的影响及其作为一种抗饲料添加剂的应用潜力，采用3日龄健康白羽肉鸡作为饲喂对象，在基础饲粮基础上添加质量浓度为0.1%、0.3%、0.5%、0.7%的二甲酸钾和含量为50 mg/mL的金霉素分别进行比较饲喂管理。记录28 d试验周期内白羽肉鸡的料重比变化，采集28 d时白羽肉鸡盲肠肠道内溶物，利用第三代测序技术对肠道菌群进行16S rDNA全长序列高通量测序。结果显示，饲喂0.3%的二甲酸钾能够显著降低料重比，对白羽肉鸡的生长性能具有明显的促进作用。饲喂0.3%的二甲酸钾对白羽肉鸡的肠道菌群结构造成了一定的影响，有效地提高了肠道菌群的物种多样性。优势菌群中，饲喂0.3%二甲酸钾与空白组相比，在门水平上，拟杆菌门相对丰度显著上升，厚壁菌门、变形菌门和Epsilonbacteraeota的相对丰度下降，产生了更有利于生长发育的微生物群落。同时，在属水平上，拟杆菌属相对丰度显著上升， Barnesiella和螺杆菌属的相对丰度下降，改善了肠道中微生物菌群的微生态健康。研究结果丰富了二甲酸钾和金霉素对白羽肉鸡生长性能和肠道菌群影响的认识，也为更全面了解二甲酸钾应用于替代抗生素对畜禽的影响提供了有价值的微生物学信息。

Effect of Potassium Diformate on Growth Performance and Intestinal Microbial Community Structure of White Feather Broilers

To evaluate the effect of potassium diformate on the intestinal flora of livestock and poultry and its application potential as an antibiotic alternative feed additive. In this study, three-day-old healthy white feather broilers were used as the feeding object. On the basis of the basic diet, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7% potassium diformate and 50 mg/mL chlortetracycline were added for comparative feeding management. Record the feed-to-weight change of white feather broilers during the 28-day test period. The cecal intestines of white feather broilers at 28 days were collected, and the full-length 16S rDNA sequence of the intestinal flora was sequenced by high-throughput sequencing using the third-generation sequencing technology. The results show that feeding 0.3% potassium diformate can significantly reduce the feed-to-weight ratio and significantly promote the growth performance of white feather broilers. Feeding 0.3% potassium dicarboxylate had a certain effect on the structure of intestinal flora of white feathered broilers, which effectively improved the species diversity of intestinal flora. Among the dominant flora, feeding 0.3% potassium dicarboxylate significantly increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes at the phylum level compared with the blank group, and also decreased the relative abundances of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and epsilonbacteraeota, producing a more favorable growth and development microbial community. At the same time, at the genus level, the abundance of Bacteroides increased significantly, while the relative abundance of Barnesiella and Helicobacter was reduced, which improved the microecological health of the microbial flora in the intestinal tract. The results enrich the understanding of the effects of potassium dicarboxylate and chlortetracycline on growth performance and intestinal flora of white feather broilers. It also provides valuable microbiological information for a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of potassium diformate applied to replace antibiotics on livestock and poultry.